Hyperemesis Gravidarum: More Than “Morning Sickness”

Pregnancy is a special time, but for some women it becomes a heavy struggle against extreme nausea and sometimes vomiting. Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of pregnancy nausea that goes far beyond the typical morning sickness. It can disrupt daily life and has both physical and emotional consequences. In this article, we explain what HG is, the difference between dry and wet hyperemesis, and how you can manage it.

What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum?

HG affects about 0.5–2% of pregnant women and is characterized by extreme nausea and, in many cases, frequent vomiting. This can lead to nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, and dehydration. It is not just a bothersome pregnancy symptom but a medical condition that often requires hospital care.

The exact cause of HG is not fully understood, but hormonal changes are known to play a major role. In particular, high levels of the pregnancy hormone hCG and elevated estrogen levels may contribute to the severity of symptoms. Genetic factors also seem to play a part: women whose mother or sister had HG have a higher risk themselves.

Dry and Wet Hyperemesis

Doctors distinguish between two forms of HG:

• Dry hyperemesis: extreme nausea with little or no vomiting. A woman may only be able to eat a few specific foods. This often leads to dehydration and/or malnutrition, which can be dangerous for both mother and baby.
• Wet hyperemesis: frequent vomiting, sometimes dozens of times a day. This can cause severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss. In serious cases, IV treatment is needed to restore fluids and nutrients.

The Impact of HG

HG affects more than just the body — it has an emotional and social impact as well. Women with HG can feel isolated, misunderstood, and powerless. Daily activities, work, and social life often become impossible. Feelings of guilt or lack of understanding from others may make things even harder.

That’s why it’s so important to be taken seriously and to feel supported.

Treatment and Support

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. Options may include:

• Medication: anti-nausea medicines such as antihistamines or metoclopramide.
• IV treatment: in severe cases, hospital admission is needed to restore fluids and electrolytes. An IV may also reduce symptoms even without dehydration.
• Supplements: vitamin B6 and ginger may help in mild cases, though not for everyone.
• Diet adjustments: small, frequent meals and easy-to-digest foods can sometimes bring relief.
• Psychological support: HG takes a mental toll too, so counseling or connecting with others who have HG can provide valuable support.

At the OLVG hospital in Amsterdam, there is a special HG clinic for women who need more intensive care. If the above options don’t provide enough relief, we can refer you there.

Conclusion

Hyperemesis Gravidarum is a serious condition that should never be underestimated. It is far more than “just nausea” and can completely disrupt your daily life (and that of your partner or children).

With timely medical care and the right support network, things can improve. If you or someone close to you is experiencing HG, know that help and treatment are available. You’re not alone — we’re here for you.